After uninstalling my Bootcamp 3.1 installation from Windows "Program and Features" followed by a reboot I could install M4xim's BootCamp64.msi without error. After another restart the volume keys (together with the MacOS-que OSD) were working perfectly and there was a new tray icon present from bootcamp. I then proceeded to check whether my 3.1 Bootcamp64.msi did anything at all and during install for the first time I was prompted to stop (or let it stop them automatically) some programs running in the background - two services called "Apple Time Service" and "Apple OS Switch Manager" and BootCamp.exe which, as somebody pointed out already, gets started at windows startup. I let it do it's job and the installation completed afterwards followed with another prompt for reboot. After that all the keys were still working, and the tray icon was still there. To verify if any changes occurred from the 3.1 installation I checked the properties of some of the files that I knew were supposed to be "installed" in their respective folders by my selfmade .msi and they sure have a newer timestamp (01 Feb 2010 compared to 22 July 2009 before) and different file versions.
(check the following example screenshot taken of Bootcamp.exe):

This leads me to think my 3.1 installer works only after installing 3.0 first. Whether it actually makes a "real world" difference to update to 3.1 solely for the purpose of getting Apple Keyboards working flawlessly in Windows I can't tell.
When I tried to access the Bootcamp Control Panel (right click on the tray icon) it gave me an error ("An error occurred while trying to access the startup disk settings. You may not have privileges to change the startup disk. Make sure you have administrative privileges and try again") even though I have admin privileges on my account. so my guess is it's checking for a Mac OS partition which isn't there what triggers the (a bit misleading) error msg. So my guess was it didn't do anything useful but when I ended the Bootcamp.exe process via Task Manager I noticed the volume control keys weren't working any more (no OSD either). Manually restarting Bootcamp.exe from the install-folder (c:\program files\Boot Camp\) made them work again. To me it seems the only thing it's doing in my case is enable the volume keys (+OSD), so the older versions should probably do the job just as well. In turn it shouldn't do any harm either having them up to date. Maybe somebody else could investigate further on the changes between 3.1 and 3.0, for example somebody with Mac OS X installed on the startup partition.
Ultimately I decided to disable "Apple Time Service" and "Apple OS Switch Manager" via services.msc (don't need them because I don't have Mac OS on my native windows 7 x64 pc) and leave Bootcamp.exe in Startup checked in msconfig.
I'll continue to try a few things to see if there's another component/.exe/whatever of the bootcamp-package responsible for handling the function of the volume keys as bootcamp.exe seems to delay boot a bit and doesn't offer any additional functionality (e.g. through it's tray icon) for me.
Regarding the "updated" Keyboard drivers from Bootcamp 3.1 I had another interesting find: Windows Device Manager doesn't indicate any difference between using any of them two. Check the following screenshot which also shows that apparently KeyMagic.sys is the same :

Comparing KeyMagic64.inf from 3.0 to 3.1 the only difference I found were the following 3 added lines (at line 111-113) in 3.1' Keyboard64.inf in the Bluetooth keyboards section
%USBKeyboard.DevDesc%=Dri_BTH_Inst,BTHENUM\{00001124-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb}_VID&000205ac_PID&0239
%USBKeyboard.DevDesc%=Dri_BTH_Inst,BTHENUM\{00001124-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb}_VID&000205ac_PID&023A
%USBKeyboard.DevDesc%=Dri_BTH_Inst,BTHENUM\{00001124-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb}_VID&000205ac_PID&023B
I'm using an Apple Wireless Keyboard (2 batteries) and in the device manager it tells me it has the PID 023a (see screenshot below on where to look for it yourself:)
Those lines mean added driver support in 3.1 for three additional devices - probably all of them bluetooth keyboards - but I couldn't find any info about the other two devices when googling for the PIDs specified above (0239, 023B). Maybe other people can contribute by posting their hardware-ids to see if we can get more info on this subject.
Anyway, this post is getting pretty long (and took me pretty long since I'm not a native speaker and finding the right words for my thoughts without repeating the same phrases over and over can be tiresome) so I'll leave it for now and report back when I find something new - especially related to needing bootcamp.exe running in the background for the volume keys to work.



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