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First, your question, as phrased, implies that you think a single partition can be GPT or MBR; but these are both partitioning schemes that apply to the whole disk, not to individual partitions. I just want to be sure you understand that going forward.

 

As to the question, assuming the disk is properly partitioned, the simplest way to tell what's in use is to use an MBR partitioning tool to examine the disk. If one of the four primary MBR partitions is of type 0xEE (decimal 238), it's a GPT disk. If the disk has one 0xEE partition and one to three other partitions, it's a hybrid MBR disk (that is, it has both MBR and GPT definitions; which takes precedence depends on the OS). If there are no 0xEE partitions present, it's an MBR-only disk. If the utility reports that no partition table is present, either it's damaged or it uses some other partitioning scheme, such as the Apple Partition Map (APM) used by pre-Intel Apples.

 

As an example, here's what Linux fdisk reports for a GPT disk:

 

# fdisk -l /dev/sda

WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.


Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

  Device Boot	  Start		 End	  Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1			   1	   60802   488386583+  ee  EFI GPT

 

Apple's Disk Utility will report the disk as being MBR or GPT in one of its fields, but I don't recall exactly where that information is reported, and my OS X systems are shut down right now, so I can't do a quick check.

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